Sucrosewaxa ay ka dhigan tahay 65-70% wax soo saarka sokorta aduunka, habka wax soo saarkuna waxa uu u baahan yahay uumi iyo koronto badan, waxa aanu soo saara hadhaa badan oo heerar kala duwan ah oo wax soo saar ah.
Alaabooyinka iyo maaddooyinka sonkorta/sukrose-ka.
Habka diyaarinta sonkorta sonkorta, marka lagu daro sonkorta, sonkorta iyo alaabada kale ee waaweyn, waxaa jira bakeeriga sonkorta, sludge, molasses sucrose madow iyo 3 kale oo waaweyn.
bakooradda sonkorta:
Bakeeriga sonkorta leh waa hadhaaga fiber ka dib marka la soo saaro casiirka shayga sonkorta.Bakeeriga sonkorta ayaa si fiican loogu isticmaalaa soo saarista bacriminta organic.Laakiin sababtoo ah bakeeriga sonkorta wuxuu ku dhow yahay cellulose saafi ah, ku dhawaad nafaqo la'aan, ma aha bacrimin macquul ah, sidaas darteed waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in lagu daro nafaqooyin kale, gaar ahaan walxaha nitrogen-ka leh sida walxaha cagaaran, saxarada lo'da, digada doofaarka iyo wixii la mid ah si loo jebiyo. hoos
Molasses:
Molasses waa cusbo laga soocay sokorta darajada C inta lagu jiro centriforation molasses.Wax-soosaarka halkii tan ee molasses waa inta u dhaxaysa 4 iyo 4.5 boqolkiiba.Waxa laga soo diray warshada sidii qashinka.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, molasses waa il tamar wanaagsan oo degdeg ah oo loogu talagalay noolaha yaryar ee kala duwan iyo nolosha ciidda ee ku dhex jira tuulmo compost ama carrada.Molasses waxay leeyihiin 27: 1 kaarboon-ilaa-nitrojiin oo ka kooban ilaa 21% kaarboon millan.Waxaa mararka qaarkood loo isticmaalaa in lagu dubo ama lagu soo saaro ethanol sida qayb ka mid ah quudinta lo'da iyo sidoo kale bacriminta molasses ku salaysan.
Boqolkiiba nafaqooyinka ku jira molasses.
| Maya | Nafaqada. | % |
| 1 | Sucrose | 30-35 |
| 2 | Glucose iyo fructose | 10-25 |
| 3 | Biyo | 23-23.5 |
| 4 | Cawlan | 16-16.5 |
| 5 | Calcium iyo potassium | 4.8-5 |
| 6 | Iskudhisyo aan sonkor ahayn | 2-3 |
| 7 | Macdanta kale | 1-2 |
Shaandhaynta warshadda sonkortadhoobo:.
Sifee dhoobada, hadhaaga ugu muhiimsan ee wax soo saarka sonkorta, waa hadhaaga daawaynta casiirka sonkorta sonkorta iyada oo loo marayo sifaynta, xisaabinta 2% miisaanka burburka sonkorta.Waxa kale oo loo yaqaan dhoobo filter sukrose, sukrose slag, keega filter sukrose, dhoobo shaandhada sonkorta, dhoobada shaandhada sonkorta.
Biyo-mareenku wuxuu sababi karaa wasakh weyn, qaar ka mid ah warshadaha sonkorta, ayaa loo tixgaliyaa inay yihiin wasakh waxayna sababi kartaa maaraynta iyo dhibaatooyinka ugu dambeeya ee qashin-qubka.Haddii sida la doono la tuuro waxay wasakhayn kartaa hawada iyo biyaha dhulka hoostiisa.Sidaa darteed, daawaynta dhoobada ayaa ah mudnaanta koowaad ee warshadaha sonkorta iyo waaxaha ilaalinta deegaanka.
Codsiga shaandhada dhoobada: Dhab ahaantii, sababtoo ah qadarka badan ee walxaha organic iyo macdanta looga baahan yahay nafaqada dhirta, keega shaandhada ayaa loo isticmaalay bacriminta Brazil, India, Australia, Cuba, Pakistan, Taiwan, South Africa, Argentina iyo dalal kale. .Waxa loo istcimaalaa beddel buuxa ama qayb ka mid ah bacriminta macdanta ee beerista sonkorta sonkorta iyo dalagyada kale.Intaa waxaa dheer, sludge waa alaabta aasaasiga ah ee wax soo saarka bio-carrada, kaas oo ka kooban haraaga qashinka dareeraha ah ee laga soo saaro hawlaha nadiifinta.
Qiimaha dhoobada oo ah walxo bacrin ah.
Saamiga wax-soo-saarka sokorta lagu sifeeyo dhoobada (65% ka kooban biyo) waa qiyaastii 10:3, ie 10 tan oo sonkor ah ayaa soo saari kara 1 tan oo dhoobo filter qalalan ah.Wadarta guud ee wax soo saarka sonkorta adduunka ee 2015 waxay ahayd 117.2 milyan oo tan, iyadoo Brazil, India iyo China ay ka yihiin 75 boqolkiiba wax soo saarka adduunka.Waxaa lagu qiyaasaa in Hindiya ay soo saarto qiyaastii 520 milyan oo tan oo dhoobo ah sannadkii.Kahor intaanan ogaanin sida loo maareeyo sludge slag deegaan ahaan, waa inaan wax badan ka baranaa sida ay ka kooban tahay si aan u helno xalka ugu fiican!
Qalabka jirka iyo ka kooban kiimikaad ee dhoobada shaandheynta:.
| Maya | Halbeegyada | Qiimaha. |
| 1. | Ph. | 4.95% |
| 2. | Wadarta adkaha | 27.87% |
| 3. | Wadarta adkaha kacsan | 84.00% |
| 4. | COD | 117.60% |
| 5. | BOD (heerkulka 27 darajo C, 5 maalmood) | 22.20% |
| 6. | Kaarboon dabiici ah. | 48.80% |
| 7. | Walxaha dabiiciga ah. | 84.12% |
| 8. | Nitrojiin | 1.75% |
| 9. | Fosfooraska. | 0.65% |
| 10. | Potassium | 0.28% |
| 11. | Sodium | 0.18% |
| 12. | Calcium | 2.70% |
| 13. | Sulfate | 1.07% |
| 14. | Sonkor | 7.92% |
| 15. | Wax iyo dufan. | 4.65% |
Xagga sare, marka lagu daro 20-25% kaarboon organic, dhoobada ayaa sidoo kale ka kooban tiro badan oo raad iyo nafaqeeyayaal yar yar.dhoobada ayaa sidoo kale hodan ku ah potassium, sodium iyo fosfooraska.Waxay hodan ku tahay fosfooraska iyo ilaha organic leh qoyaan badan, taas oo ka dhigaysa bacriminta compost qiimo leh!Hadday tahay mid aan la farsamayn ama la farsamayn.Nidaamyada loo isticmaalo in lagu kordhiyo qiimaha bacriminta waxaa ka mid ah bacriminta, daaweynta microbial, iyo ku qasidda biyaha wasakhda ah...
Habka wax soo saarka bacriminta dabiiciga ah ee dhoobada iyo molasses.
Compost
Dhoobada shaandhaysa sonkorta ugu horeysa (87.8%), walxaha kaarboon (9.5%) sida budada cawska, budada cawska, bran jeermiska, bran qamadiga, safflow, balka, iwm., molasses (0.5%), mono-superphosphate The acid (2.0% ), dhoobada sulfur (0.2%), iwm. ayaa si fiican loo isku qasan yahay waxaana la is dulsaaray ilaa 20 mitir oo ka sarreysa dhulka, ballac ahaan 2.3-2.5 mitir, iyo qiyaastii 2.6 mitir oo dhererkeedu yahay semicircular.Talo: Ballaca dhererka dariiqa dabayluhu waa inuu la mid noqdaa xogta cabbirka gaadhiga compost ee aad isticmaalayso.
Sii wakhti ku filan oo raasamaalku si fiican u khamiirin oo u qudhmo, habraaca socda ilaa 14-21 maalmood.Inta lagu jiro habka bacriminta, ku walaaq rasinka oo ku buufi biyaha saddexdii maalmoodba mar si aad u ilaaliso qoyaanka 50-60%.Qashin-qubka wuxuu xaqiijiyaa isku-dhafka iyo isku-darka buuxa ee tusinnada inta lagu jiro habka bacriminta.Talo: Qashin-qubka waxaa loo isticmaalaa isku-dhafka isku midka ah iyo daadinta degdega ah, waana qalab lagama maarmaan u ah habka wax-soo-saarka bacriminta organic.
Fiiro gaar ah: Haddii qoyaanku uu aad u sarreeyo, wakhtiga halsano ayaa loo baahan yahay in la kordhiyo.Taa beddelkeeda, waxa ku jira biyaha hooseeya waxay keeni kartaa halsano aan dhammaystirnayn.Sideen ku ogaan karaa in compost-ku qudhuntay?Nafaqada qudhuntay waxaa lagu gartaa qaab dabacsan, cawl-brown, ur la'aan, iyo compost-ku wuxuu la socdaa heerkulka deegaanka ku xeeran.Qoyaanka compost waa in ka yar 20%.
granulation.
Kabaha qudhuntay ayaa markaa loo diraa habka granulation-mashiin cusub oo bacriminta dabiiciga ah.
Qalajinta
Halkan, molasses (0.5% wadarta alaabta ceeriin) iyo biyaha ayaa lagu buufiyaa ka hor inta aan la gelin qalajiyaha si ay u sameeyaan qaybo.Qalajiyaha qalajiyaha ayaa isticmaala tignoolajiyada qalajinta jirka si uu u sameeyo qaybo heerkulkiisu yahay 240-250 digrii C oo hoos u dhigo heerka qoyaanka ilaa 10%.
Baaritaanka
granulation ka dib, u dir habka baaritaanka - roller sieve extender.Celcelis ahaan cabbirka bioferts-ku waa inuu ahaado dhexroor 5mm ah qaabaynta iyo isticmaalka walxaha.Qaybaha aadka u weyn iyo qaybaha aan la qiyaasi karin ayaa ku soo noqda habka granulation.
Baakadaha
Qaybaha u hoggaansan cabbirka ayaa loo diraa habka baakadaha - mashiinka baakadaha tooska ah, iyada oo si toos ah loo buuxinayo bacaha, badeecada ugu dambeysa ayaa loo diraa meelo kala duwan.
Tilmaamaha iyo hawlaha bacriminta organic ee dhoobada filter.
- Iska caabbinta sare ee cudurka:
Inta lagu jiro habka daaweynta dhoobada, microorganisms si degdeg ah ayey u tarmaan, iyagoo soo saara tiro badan oo antibiyootik ah, hormoonno iyo dheef-shiid kiimikaad kale oo gaar ah.Dalbashada bacriminta ciidda waxay si wax ku ool ah u joojin kartaa koritaanka cudur-sidaha iyo haramaha waxayna hagaajinaysaa caabbinta cayayaanka iyo cudurrada.Xabada qoyan lama daawayn oo waxay si fudud ugu gudbin kartaa bakteeriyada, abuurka haramaha iyo ukunta dalagga, taasoo saamaynaysa koriimadooda.
- Naaxinta sare:
Maaddaama xilliga halsano uu yahay 7-15 maalmood oo keliya, ilaa inta suurtogalka ah si loo sii hayo nafaqooyinka dhoobada shaandhada, oo leh kala-goynta microorganisms, way adagtahay in la nuugo walxaha nafaqooyinka waxtarka leh.Bacriminta dabiiciga ah ee dhoobada lagu sifeeyay waxay si dhakhso ah u buuxin kartaa nafaqooyinka loo baahan yahay koritaanka dalagga waxayna hagaajinaysaa waxtarka bacriminta.
- Hagaaji bacrinta ciidda oo wanaaji ciidda:
Haddii isticmaalka muddada-dheer ee bacriminta hal, si tartiib tartiib ah u baabbi'in doonaa bacriminta ciidda, si ay microorganisms ciidda hoos u, si content enzyme la dhimay, waxyeelo colloidal, taasoo keentay in adkaynaya ciidda, acidification iyo salinization.Bacriminta dabiiciga ah ee dhoobada ah ee la sifeeyay waxay dib u midayn kartaa ciidda, debcisaa dhoobada, waxay joojisaa cudur-sidaha, dib u soo celinta deegaanka deegaanka yar yar ee ciidda, waxay wanaajisaa qulqulka ciidda, waxayna wanaajisaa awoodda lagu ilaaliyo qoyaanka iyo nafaqooyinka.
- Hagaajinta wax-soo-saarka dalagga iyo tayada:
Nafaqooyinka shaandhada dhoobada dabiiciga ah waxaa lagu nuugaa nidaamka xididka ee horumarsan iyo caleemaha xooggan ee dalagga, taas oo kor u qaadeysa biqilka, koritaanka, ubaxa, biqilka iyo korriinka dalagga.Waxay si weyn u wanaajisaa muuqaalka iyo midabka wax soo saarka beeraha waxayna kordhisaa macaanka sonkorta sonkorta iyo miraha.Bacriminta dabiiciga ah ee dhoobada ah ayaa loo isticmaali karaa sida bacriminta aasaasiga ah, xilliga koritaanka, qadar yar oo codsi ah ayaa buuxin kara baahida koritaanka dalagga, si loo gaaro maareynta iyo isticmaalka ujeedooyinka dhulka.
- Si weyn loo isticmaalo:
Sonkorta, muuska, geedaha miraha, qaraha, khudaarta, shaaha, ubaxa, baradhada, tubaakada, quudinta, iwm.
Waqtiga boostada: Seb-22-2020