Daawaynta macquulka ah iyo isticmaalka wax ku oolka ah ee digada xoolaha waxay u keeni kartaa dakhli badan inta badan beeralayda, laakiin sidoo kale si kor loogu qaado cusboonaysiinta warshadahooda.
Bacriminta dabiiciga ah ee noolahawaa nooc ka mid ah bacriminta leh hawlaha bacriminta microbial iyo bacriminta organic, taas oo inta badan laga soo qaatay hadhaaga xoolaha iyo dhirta (sida digada xoolaha, caws dalagga, iwm) oo ka kooban yahay daaweyn aan waxyeello lahayn.
Tani waxay go'aamineysaa in bacriminta dabiiciga ah ee noolaha ay ka kooban tahay laba qaybood: 1) shaqo gaar ah oo ka mid ah microorganisms.2) qashinka dabiiciga ah ee la daweeyay.
1) Microorganism functional gaar ah
Unugyada yaryar ee shaqeeya ee ku jira bacriminta organic bayooloji waxay inta badan tixraacaan microorganisms, oo ay ku jiraan noocyada kala duwan ee bakteeriyada, fungi iyo actinomycetes, kuwaas oo kor u qaadi kara isbeddelka nafaqooyinka ciidda iyo koritaanka dalagyada ka dib codsiga ciidda.Hawlaha gaarka ah waxaa loo kala saari karaa sida soo socota:
1. Bakteeriyada hagaajisa Nitrojiinka:
(1) Bakteeriyada sumoobay ee nitrogen-goynta: inta badan waxa loola jeedaa rhizobia dalagga leguminous sida: rhizobia, rhizobia nitrogen-fixing, rhizobia ammonia-goynta dabadheeraad ah, iwm.;Bakteeriyada hagaajinta nitrogen-ka-soo-saarka dalagga aan-leguminous-ka ahayn sida Franklinella, Cyanobacteria, hufnaantooda nitrogen-ka ayaa ka sarreeya.
(2) Bakteeriyada si toos ah u hagaajisa nitrogen-ka: sida bakteeriyada nitrogen-ka-goynta brown brown, bakteeriyada photosynthetic, iwm.
(3) Bakteeriyada wadajirka ah ee nadiifisa nitrogen: waxaa loola jeedaa noolaha kaliya ee kali ahaan kara marka ay ku nool yihiin xididka iyo sagxadaha caleen ee rhizosphere dhirta, sida Pseudomonas genus, lipogenic nitrogen-fixing helicobacteria, iwm.
2. Fosfooraska oo milma (dilaaca) fangaska: Bacillus (sida Bacillus megacephalus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus humilus, iwm.), Pseudomonas (sida Pseudomonas fluorescens), bakteeriyada Nitrogen-fixed, Rhizobium, Thiobacillus thiooxidans, Aspergillus Niger , Streptomyces, iwm.
3. Bakteeriyada potassium ee kala diri (kala diri): bakteeriyada silicate (sida kolloid Bacillus, kolloid Bacillus, cyclosporillus), bakteeriyada potassium non-silicate.
4. Antibiyootigyada: Trichoderma (sida Trichoderma harzianum), actinomycetes (sida Streptomyces flatus, Streptomyces sp. sp.), Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis noocyo, iwm.
5. Bakteeriyada kor u qaada korriinka Rhizosphere iyo fangaska kor u qaada koritaanka dhirta.
6. Bakteeriyada madal iftiinka: dhowr nooc oo ka mid ah genus Pseudomonas gracilis iyo dhowr nooc oo genus Pseudomonas gracilis.Noocyadani waa bakteeriya aerobic facultative oo ku kori karta joogitaanka hydrogen waxayna ku habboon yihiin soo saarista bacriminta dabiiciga ah ee noolaha.
7. Bakteeriyada wax soo saarka ee cayayaanku u adkaysato oo korodhay: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Phylloidase, Cordyceps iyo Bacillus.
8. Bakteeriyada kala-baxa Cellulose: spora lateral thermophilic, Trichoderma, Mucor, iwm.
9. Microorganisms kale oo shaqeynaya: ka dib marka ay sheyga galaan ciidda, waxay soo saari karaan walxaha firfircoon ee jireed si ay u kiciyaan una xakameeyaan koritaanka dhirta.Qaar ka mid ah waxay leeyihiin saamayn nadiifin iyo burbur ku ah sunta ciidda, sida khamiirka iyo bakteeriyada lactic acid.
2) Walxaha dabiiciga ah ee laga helo hadhaaga xoolaha oo la kala gooyay.Qalabka dabiiciga ah iyada oo aan halsano, si toos ah looma isticmaali karo si loo sameeyo bacriminta, sidoo kale ma soo gali karaan suuqa.
Si ay bakteeriyadu si buuxda ula xidhiidho alaabta ceeriin oo ay u gaadho halsano dhamaystiran, waxa lagu walaaqi karaa si simanmashiinka rogrogmada compostsida hoos ku qoran:
Walxaha dabiiciga ah ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo:
(1) Digada: digaaga, doofaarka, lo'da, idaha, faraska iyo digada xoolaha kale;
(2) Caws: caws galley, caws, caws sarreen, caws soybean iyo caws dalagga kale;
(3) qolof iyo maro.budada bariiska, budada lawska, budada lawska, budada bariiska, fangaska, iwm;
(4) Dareeraha: Dareeraha Distiller, Maraqa soy, qalajinta qallalan, dareemaha furfuralka, xylose dregs, enzyme dregs, toon toon, dareemaha sonkorta, iwm.
(5) cunto keeg.Keega soybean, cunto soybean, saliid, keega kufsiga, iwm.
(6) Xabo kale oo gudaha ah, shaandhee dhoobada warshadaynta sonkorta, dhoobada sonkorta, bagaash, iwm.
Qalabkan cayriin waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii agabka cayriin ee nafaqeynta kaalmaynta ah ee soo saarista bacriminta dabiiciga ah ee noolaha ka dib halsano.
Iyada oo ay jiraan waxyaallaha yaryar ee gaarka ah iyo walxaha dabiiciga ah ee qudhuntay labadan xaaladood ayaa laga samayn karaa bacriminta dabiiciga ah ee noolaha.
1) Habka isku-darka tooska ah
1, dooro bakteeriyada microbial gaar ah: waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida hal ama laba nooc, ugu badnaan aan ka badnayn saddex nooc, sababtoo ah doorashada badan ee bakteeriyada, ku tartamaya nafaqo u dhexeeya midba midka kale, si toos ah u horseedaya shaqada wadajirka ah ee offset.
2. Xisaabinta qadarka isku-darka: marka loo eego heerka NY884-2012 ee bacriminta bio-organic ee Shiinaha, tirada waxtarka leh ee bakteeriyada nool ee bacriminta noolaha waa inay gaarto 0.2 milyan / g.Hal tan oo walxo organic ah, in ka badan 2 kg oo ah unugyo gaar ah oo shaqaynaya oo leh tirada waxtarka leh ee bakteeriyada nool ≥10 bilyan/g waa in lagu daraa.Haddii tirada bakteeriyada nooluhu ay tahay 1 bilyan/g, in ka badan 20 kg ayaa loo baahan doonaa in lagu daro, iyo wixii la mid ah.Wadamo kala duwani waa inay si macquul ah ugu daraan shuruudo kala duwan.
3. Habka isku darka: Ku dar bakteeriyada shaqaynaysa (budada) walxaha organic ee khamiirsan sida waafaqsan habka lagu soo jeediyay buug-gacmeedka hawlgalka, si siman u walaaq oo xir.
4. Taxadir: (1) Ha ku engegin heerkulka sare ee 100 ℃, haddii kale waxay dili doontaa bakteeriyada shaqaynaysa.Haddii ay lagama maarmaan tahay in la qalajiyo, waa in lagu daraa ka dib marka la qalajiyo.(2) Sababo kala duwan awgood, content ee bakteeriyada ee bacriminta organic bayooloji diyaariyey by habka xisaabinta caadiga ah inta badan ma ilaa xogta ku habboon, si habka diyaarinta, microorganisms functional waxaa guud ahaan lagu daray in ka badan 10% ka badan xogta ku habboon. .
2) hab dhaqanka gabowga sare iyo ballaarinta
Marka la barbardhigo habka tooska ah ee isku-darka, habkani wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidada badbaadinta kharashka bakteeriyada.Hoos-u-dhacu waa in tijaabooyinka loo baahan yahay si loo go'aamiyo qadarka microbes gaar ah si loogu daro, iyada oo lagu daro habraac yar oo dheeraad ah.Waxa guud ahaan lagu taliyaa in lacagta lagu daro ay noqoto 20% ama ka sarraysa habka isku-darka tooska ah, oo ay gaadho heerka bacriminta dabiiciga ah ee bayooloji ee qaranka iyada oo loo marayo habka gabowga sare.Tallaabooyinka hawlgalku waa sida soo socota:
1. Dooro bakteeriyada gaarka ah (budada): waxay noqon kartaa hal ama laba nooc, ugu badnaan aan ka badnayn saddex nooc, sababtoo ah bakteeriyadu waxay doorataa, ku tartamaan nafaqooyinka dhexdooda, waxay si toos ah u horseedaa saameynta bakteeriyada kala duwan.
2. Xisaabinta qadarka isku-darka: marka loo eego heerka bacriminta bio-organic ee Shiinaha, tirada waxtarka leh ee bakteeriyada nool ee bacriminta noolaha waa inay gaarto 0.2 milyan / g.Hal tan oo walxo organic ah, tirada waxtarka leh ee bakteeriyada nool ≥10 bilyan/g ee microbial gaar ah oo shaqaynaya (budada) waa in lagu daraa ugu yaraan 0.4 kg.Haddii tirada bakteeriyada nooluhu ay tahay 1 bilyan/g, in ka badan 4 kg ayaa loo baahan doonaa in lagu daro, iyo wixii la mid ah.Waddamada kala duwani waa inay raacaan heerar kala duwan si loogu daro wax macquul ah.
3. Habka ku darista: bakteeriyada shaqaynaysa (budada) iyo qamadiga, budada bariiska, bran ama mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah si isku dhafan, si toos ah ugu dar walxaha organic khamiirsan, qaso si siman, oo la dulsaaray 3-5 maalmood si gaar ah loo sameeyo. Bakteeriyada shaqaynaysa is-faafinta.
4. Qoyaanka iyo xakamaynta heerkulka: inta lagu jiro halsano, qoyaanka iyo heerkulka waa in lagu xakameeyaa iyadoo loo eegayo sifooyinka bayoolojiga ee bakteeriyada shaqaynaysa.Haddii heerkulku aad u sarreeyo, waa in la dhimo dhererka wax lagu dhejiyo.
5. ogaanshaha content bakteeriyada functional gaar ah: ka dib markii dhamaadka isugeynta, muunad iyo u diraan hay'adda awood ogaanshaha microbial si ay u tijaabiso horudhac ah in content ee microorganisms gaar ah buuxin kara heerka, haddii ay la gaari karaa, waxaad samayn kartaa bacriminta organic noolaha. habkan.Haddii tan la gaari waayo, kordhi tirada dheeriga ah ee bakteeriyada shaqeyneysa 40% ee habka tooska ah oo ku celi tijaabada ilaa guusha.
6. Taxaddar: Ha ku engegin heerkul ka sarreeya 100 ℃, haddii kale waxay dili doontaa bakteeriyada shaqaynaysa.Haddii ay lagama maarmaan tahay in la qalajiyo, waa in lagu daraa ka dib marka la qalajiyo.
Soo saarista bacriminta bio-organic ka dib halsano, guud ahaan waa walxo budada ah, kuwaas oo inta badan u duulaya dabaysha xilliga qalalan, taasoo keenta luminta alaabta ceeriin iyo wasakhowga boodhka.Sidaa darteed, si loo yareeyo boodhka loogana hortago caking, habka granulation ayaa inta badan la isticmaalaa.Waxaad u isticmaali kartaa granulator-ka-kicinta iliga ee sawirka kore ee granulation, waxaa lagu dabaqi karaa humic acid, kaarboon madow, kaolin iyo kuwa kale oo ay adag tahay in la nadiifiyo alaabta ceeriin.
Waqtiga boostada: Oct-18-2021