Bacriminta isku dhafan, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan bacriminta kiimikada, waa bacriminta ka kooban laba ama saddex nafaqo oo nafaqooyinka dalagga, sida nitrogen, fosfooraska iyo potassium, oo lagu sameeyay fal-celin kiimikaad ama hababka isku dhafka;Bacriminta isku dhafan waxay noqon kartaa budo ama granular.Bacriminta isku dhafan waxay ka kooban tahay maaddooyin firfircoon oo sarreeya, way fududahay in lagu milmo biyaha, si dhakhso ah u qudhunto, wayna fududahay in la nuugo xididdada.Sidaa darteed, waxaa loo yaqaan "bacriminta degdegga ah".Shaqadeedu waa in ay buuxiso baahida iyo isu dheelitirka nafaqooyinka kala duwan ee xaaladaha kala duwan ee wax soo saarka.
Khadka wax-soo-saarka sannadlaha ah ee 50,000 tan ee bacriminta isku dhafan waa qalab casri ah oo la isku daray.Kharashyada wax soo saarku waa kuwo aan waxtar lahayn.Khadka wax soo saarka bacriminta isku dhafan ayaa loo isticmaali karaa granulation ee alaabta ceeriin ee isku dhafan ee kala duwan.Ugu dambayntii, bacriminta isku-dhafan ee leh qiyaaso iyo qaabab kala duwan ayaa loo diyaarin karaa iyadoo loo eegayo baahiyaha dhabta ah, si wax ku ool ah u buuxiya nafaqooyinka ay u baahan yihiin dalagyada, waxayna xalliyaan iska hor imaadka u dhexeeya baahida dalagga iyo sahayda ciidda.
Khadka Soo saarista Bacriminta isku dhafan ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo saaro bacrimiyeyaasha isku dhafan ee qaabab kala duwan sida nitrogen potassium, fosfooraska potassium perphosphate, chloride potassium, sulfate granular, sulfuric acid, ammonium nitrate iyo qaabab kale oo kala duwan.
Sida soo saaraha xirfadeed ee qalabka wax soo saarka bacriminta, waxaan siinaa macaamiisha qalabka wax soo saarka iyo xalka ugu habboon ee baahida awoodda wax soo saarka ee kala duwan sida 10,000 tan sannadkii ilaa 200,000 tan sannadkii.Qalabka dhamaystiran ee qalabku waa mid cufan, macquul ah oo cilmi ah, oo leh hawlgal xasilloon, saameyn tamar-badbaadin ah oo wanaagsan, kharashka dayactirka hooseeya iyo hawlgal habboon.Waa doorashada ugu habboon ee soosaarayaasha bacriminta isku dhafan (bacriminta isku dhafan).
Khadka wax-soo-saarka bacriminta isku-dhafka ah wuxuu soo saari karaa bacriminta isku-darka sare, dhexdhexaadka ah iyo hoose ee dalagyada kala duwan.Guud ahaan, bacriminta isku dhafan ayaa ka kooban ugu yaraan laba ama saddex nafaqo (nitrogen, fosfooraska, potassium).Waxay leedahay sifooyin nafaqo oo sarreeya iyo waxyeellooyin yar.Bacriminta isku dhafan ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara bacriminta dheellitiran.Kaliya ma hagaajin karto waxtarka bacriminta, laakiin sidoo kale waxay kor u qaadi kartaa dhalidda xasilloon oo sarreeya ee dalagyada.
Codsiga khadka soo saarista bacriminta isku dhafan:
1. Habka wax soo saarka ee urea-baged sulfur ah.
2. Hababka wax-soo-saarka kala duwan ee bacriminta isku-dhafka ah ee dabiiciga ah iyo kuwa aan noolaha ahayn.
3. Habka bacriminta acid.
4. Habka bacriminta organic-ga ah ee warshadaha budada ah.
5. Habka wax-soo-saarka urea-weyn.
6. Habka wax soo saarka ee bacriminta matrix ee geedo.
Alaabta ceeriin ee loo heli karo wax soo saarka bacriminta organic:
Alaabta ceeriin ee khadka wax soo saarka bacriminta waa HOL, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, dareeraha ammonia, ammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, chloride potassium, potassium sulfate, oo ay ku jiraan dhoobo iyo qaar kale oo buuxinaya.
1) Bacriminta Nitrogen: ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium thio, urea, calcium nitrate, iwm.
2) Bacriminta Potassium: potassium sulfate, cawska iyo dambaska, iwm.
3) Bacriminta fosfooraska: calcium perphosphate, calcium perphosphate culus, calcium magnesium iyo fosfate bacrimin, fosfate ore budada, iwm.
Xariiqda wax soo saarka bacriminta isku dhafan ee durbaanka rotary ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa si loo soo saaro bacriminta iskudhafka ah ee xoogga leh.Wareegga saxanka wareega waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu soo saaro tignoolajiyada bacriminta iskudhafka ah ee xoogga leh iyo kuwa hooseeya, oo ay weheliso bacriminta isku-dhafka tignoolajiyada ka-hortagga ciriiriga ah, tignoolajiyada wax-soo-saarka bacriminta isku-dhafan ee nitrogen-ka sarreeya, iwm.
Khadka wax soo saarka bacriminta isku dhafan ee warshadeena ayaa leh sifooyinka soo socda:
Walxaha ceeriin ayaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa: Bacriminta isku dhafan waxaa loo soo saari karaa iyada oo loo eegayo qaabab kala duwan iyo saamiga bacriminta isku dhafan, sidoo kale waxay ku habboon yihiin soo saarista bacrimiyeyaasha isku-dhafka ah iyo kuwa aan dabiiciga ahayn.
Heerka wareegga ugu yar iyo wax-soo-saarka biobakteeriyadu waa sarreeyaa: habka cusub wuxuu gaari karaa heer wareeg ah oo ka badan 90% ilaa 95%, iyo tignoolajiyada qalajinta dabaysha heerkulka hooseeya waxay ka dhigi kartaa bakteeriyada microbial-ka inay gaarto heerka badbaadada in ka badan 90%.Badeecada la dhammeeyey waa qurux badan oo muuqaal ah iyo xitaa cabbirka, 90% kuwaas oo ah qaybo leh cabbirka qayb ka mid ah 2 ilaa 4mm.
Habka shaqadu waa dabacsan yahay: habka wax soo saarka bacriminta iskudhafka ah waxaa lagu hagaajin karaa iyadoo loo eegayo alaabta ceeriin ee dhabta ah, caanaha iyo goobta, ama habka loo habeeyey waxaa loo qaabeyn karaa iyadoo loo eegayo baahiyaha dhabta ah ee macaamiisha.
Qaybta nafaqooyinka ee alaabta la dhammeeyey waa mid deggan: iyada oo loo marayo cabbirka tooska ah ee maaddooyinka, cabbirka saxda ah ee adkaha kala duwan, dareeraha iyo alaabta kale ee cayriin, ku dhawaad ilaalinta xasilloonida iyo waxtarka nafaqo kasta inta lagu jiro habka.
Socodka geeddi-socodka ee khadka soo saarista bacriminta isku dhafan ayaa sida caadiga ah loo qaybin karaa: maaddooyinka alaabta ceeriin, isku dhafka, burburinta qanjidhada, granulation, baaritaanka bilowga, qalajinta walxaha, qaboojinta qaybta, baaritaanka sare, daboolka walxaha dhammeeyey, iyo baakadaha tirada ee alaabta la dhammeeyey.
1. Maaddooyinka alaabta ceeriin:
Marka loo eego baahida suuqa iyo natiijooyinka go'aaminta carrada maxalliga ah, HOL, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium thiophosphate, ammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, calcium culus, chloride potassium (potassium sulfate) iyo agabyada kale ee cayriin ayaa loo qaybiyaa qayb go'an.Waxyaabaha lagu daro, walxaha raadraaca, iwm. ayaa loo isticmaalaa sida maaddooyinka qayb ka mid ah iyada oo loo marayo miisaanka suunka.Marka loo eego saamiga caanaha, dhammaan maaddooyinka alaabta ceeriin waxay si siman uga soo qulqulayaan suunka ilaa qasiyeyaasha, habka loo yaqaan premixes.Waxay hubisaa saxnaanta qaabeynta waxayna ku guulaysataa maaddooyinka joogtada ah ee hufan.
2. Isku qas:
Qalabka cayriin ee la diyaariyey ayaa si buuxda isku dhafan oo loo walaaqay si siman, iyada oo aasaaska u ah waxtarka sare iyo tayada sare ee bacriminta granular.Isku-darka jiifka ah ama qasiyaha saxanka ayaa loo isticmaali karaa isku-darka iyo walaaqinta.
3. Burbur:
Burburinta maaddada ayaa la jajabiyaa ka dib marka si siman loo walaaqo, taas oo ku habboon farsamaynta granulation ee soo socota, inta badan iyadoo la adeegsanayo burburinta silsiladaha.
4. Dhuxusha:
Maaddada ka dib marka la isku daro si siman oo la jajabiyo ayaa loo qaadaa mashiinka granulation iyada oo loo marayo suunka suunka, taas oo ah qaybta asaasiga ah ee khadka soo saarista bacriminta isku dhafan.Doorashada granulator waa mid aad muhiim u ah.Warshadayadu waxay soo saartaa granulator disk, granulator durbaan, rullaluistemadka ama granulator bacriminta isku dhafan.
5. Baadhitaanka:
Qaybaha waa la miiray, iyo qaybaha aan u qalmin ayaa lagu soo celiyaa isku dhafka sare iyo isku dhafka si dib loogu habeeyo.Guud ahaan, mishiinka shaandhada rullalulatada ah ayaa la isticmaalaa.
6. Baakadaha:
Habkani waxa uu qaadanayaa mishiin baakad qiyaaseed oo toos ah.Mashiinku wuxuu ka kooban yahay mashiinka miisaanka oo toos ah, habka gudbinta, mashiinka wax lagu xidho, iwm. Waxaad sidoo kale u habayn kartaa hoppers iyadoo loo eegayo shuruudaha macaamiisha.Waxay xaqiijin kartaa baakadaha tirada badan ee alaabta bulk sida bacriminta organic iyo bacriminta ka kooban, waxaana si weyn loogu isticmaalay warshadaha cuntada iyo khadadka wax soo saarka warshadaha.